M-21 Field rocket system

From 9.04.1963 to 16.04.1963 at the Research Institute-100 were tested 122mm rocket projectile 9M22, fired from the rocket and barrel system, from the batch number OP-121-63g, manufactured at the Research Institute-147. The tests were conducted under the program ex 0641ss from 5.02.1963 NII-147 with the changes agreed with the representatives of NII-147.

The purpose of the tests was to determine the dispersion "of 122 mm rockets 9M22 /3OF10/ fired from the rocket and barrel system, when fired at maximum range. 122 mm of 9M22 projectiles in the standard equipment of the drawings Invent.4492, 4849 lots #OP-1-62, OP-(2)-63 and mock-ups of 122 mm of 9M22 projectiles in the inert equipment of the lot #OP-10-62 of NII-147 were delivered for testing. Charging of missile parts and assembly of projectiles were carried out at NII-100 in accordance with the requirements of the drawing Inventory 4847 with powder charges RSI-12/K with ignitors VGA-80-EZ.

"The gunpowder charges were prepared from VG-NDSI gunpowder of various attachments. MRV/V-588/, combat, with "O" and "M" installations, NITI-11 designs were used for heap tests. The tests were carried out with a guide rail, which is a half-open tube that allows the use of the gun charge and is mounted on the carriage of KS-12 anti-aircraft gun.

Before the 9M22 projectiles were fired to heap, the mock-ups were fired on the rocket and barrel system to select the weight of the barrel charge and determine the ballistic characteristics of the 9M22 projectile without and with the barrel charge.

9M22 shells were fired with and without the barrel charge at a heap rate of 2 groups (by 7 rounds in a group) for the maximum range with the guide rail elevation angle of 50°. The temperature of the barrel and powder charges of 9M22 shells was within +20° ± 3°С".

In the conclusions of NIIII-100 it was stated that "the presented 9M22 rounds of the batch No. OP-121-63 of NII-147 with the barrel charge at the firing from the rocket and barrel system showed better results in the range and quantity of the combat than 9M22 rounds without the barrel charge".

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Data from Report reports on the work of Tula State Research and Production Institute of Precision Engineering (now NPO SPLAV, Tula).

1966

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Battle unit, equipped with a firearm to the rocket projectile "Grad", product 9M22S (theme НВ6-001-66)

A combat unit equipped with a flamethrower is intended to defeat the enemy's manpower outside the shelter, in open trenches, passages and trenches, as well as its combat equipment. Defeat is carried out both by direct hitting and by creating mass hot spots of fire. Shots shall be fired from an armed Grad projectile fighting vehicle.

In 1966, specifications for the processing of combat unit elements were developed and issued to related organizations.  Working drawings of two versions of a combat unit were developed. The first prototypes of combat units (50 pieces of each variant) were manufactured and sent for testing in the hours 33491. Stand and test-bed tests in the amount of 42 pcs. were conducted.

In 1967, it was necessary to present a technical design of a combat unit with a justification for the choice of a fire-mixture and to manufacture 500 rounds for range tests.

"Battle unit equipped with a fire mixer to a portable jet projectile (9M22M), article 9M22MS".

A combat unit equipped with a flamethrower is intended to engage, in conditions of positive temperatures and dry seasons, enemy manpower outside the shelter, in open trenches, passages and trenches, as well as its combat equipment located within the range of fire. Defeat is caused both by direct hitting and by creating fire foci.

In 1966, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Defense of 15.UII.66g ¹ 490 was developed and issued to adjacent organizations to test elements of the combat unit. The company produced prototypes and conducted bench, bench and flight tests in the volume of 45 products with positive results. The combat unit is equipped with the MSO fire mixer and the flame-retardant explosive charge based on yellow phosphorus, provides crushing, scattering and ignition of the fire mixer under conditions of positive temperatures in the dry season, at speeds of meeting the obstacle of about 400 m/sec. The crushing of the fire mixture into pieces weighing 3-5g meets the requirements for fire shells. Maximum firing range is 9940m. Range of fire at VD-X = I/200; direction Vb-X = 1/100.

Manufactured and delivered in the part 33491 100 pieces, of which: for the control tests - 30 pieces, for the delivery tests - 70 pieces.

Technical report, technical and operational documentation was sent to 64176-C and 6 Main Department of MOS.

Jet chemical projectiles 9M23 in the equipment with the substance R-33 with a radio detonator 9E310 and 9M23M in the equipment with the substance R-35 with a shock 9E210 fuse to the system "Grad".

The work was carried out to eliminate drawbacks in 9M23, 9M23M and 9E310 rounds according to the list stated in the report of the Range and Army Test Commission.

The technological process of internal coating of the projectile was worked out, permissible defects of the weld and welding mode were established. Pilot samples were produced, defects in technical documentation were eliminated.

The 9E310 radio detonator was modified to ensure its durability and tightness.

The report on the performed improvements, a set of technical and operational documentation and posters of the projectile and radio detonator were sent to 64176-C and 6 Main Department of MOS.

Rendering technical assistance to "Stamp" and "Sibselmash" plants in manufacturing of "Grad" projectile.

Throughout the year, the Institute's specialists provided technical assistance to the factories in serial production of shells at the "Stamp" plant and mastering the production of shells at the "Sibselmash" plant.

The works on improvement of technological processes carried out jointly with "Shtamp" plant allowed to reduce labour input and prime cost of shell production and to ensure fulfillment of the annual plan.

The Institute produced a pilot batch of shells that allowed to significantly reduce the labor intensity and cost of manufacturing the projectile and ensure the implementation of the annual plan.

The Institute has produced a pilot batch of combat unit shells made of 16 mm thick billets instead of 22 mm thick. The technological process was given to the plant that manufactures the tooling for its introduction into production. Savings of metal will make 0,5 kg per product.

Together with the plant "Stamp" the normalization of blanks of cone frames with heating by high frequency currents instead of the furnace is implemented. Improvement of quality of heat treatment of blanks and increase of labour productivity is achieved.

Technical documentation for casting on smelted models of lattice and intermediate and tail aperture was developed and issued to the plant for implementation.

The technological process of coating the intermediate aperture by means of galvanizing with subsequent phosphating and impregnation with varnish AV-4 with dye is worked out.

Jointly with the plant there were carried out works on implementation, for operation 3 and 4 of the engine tube hoods, the process of sludge-free etching and phosphating on AMF-8 unit.

Jointly with the plant there were developed organizational and technical measures for 1966-1967 aimed at reduction of defect and improvement of quality. As a result of their implementation, losses from defects were reduced by 40% in comparison with 1965.

Labor intensity of "Grad" projectile production at "Stamp" plant was reduced in 1966 from 72 n/hour to 64.3 n/hour, the cost price was 218.5 rubles (according to the data for the III quarter of 1966) with the planned - 296.06 rubles.

The Institute, together with TNITI and the "Stamp" plant, developed measures aimed at further reduction of labor intensity and prime cost of the "Grad" shell by introducing mechanization and automation of main and auxiliary works, reduction of metal consumption, improvement of labor organization. Introduction of these measures allows to reduce labour intensity of manufacture in 1967 to 40 n/hour and to bring it in prospect to 15 n/hour.

A team of the Institute's specialists provided technical assistance to the Sibselmash plant in mastering the production and manufacturing the installed batch. The plant mastered and adjusted the production of rockets of "Grad" system.

The developed measures on decrease in cost price of products allow to receive in 1967 considerable economic effect: (proceeding from volume of manufactures in 1967): on 122-mm jet projectile "Grad" - 3990,0 t.r.

On the topic "Creation of an automatic line for heat treatment of HFI (hardening and tempering) of semi-finished products of engine housings of the rocket non-controlled projectile "Grad" (type TM6-409-65) in 1966, working drawings of the automatic line were developed.

The line automatically performs hardening of parts and tempering. Functions of workers at work on the line are reduced to loading and unloading the line, to control and monitor its operation.

The use of the line will reduce the labor intensity of 1000 billets at plant № 176 from 181.6 hours / hr to 50 hours or 3.6 times. In 1967 it was planned to produce a prototype of the line.

1967

Battle unit, equipped with a firearm to the rocket projectile "Grad", product 9M22S (theme НВ6-001-66)

A combat unit equipped with a flamethrower is intended to defeat the enemy's manpower outside the shelter, in open trenches, passages and trenches, as well as its combat equipment. Defeat is carried out both by direct hitting and by creating mass hot spots of fire. Shots shall be fired from an armed Grad projectile fighting vehicle.

By joint decision of the Ministry of Defence and the Military Academy of the Russian Federation of March 25, 1967 (out. No. 6-1451 of 29.3.1967), a combat unit equipped with electronic elements shall be tested.

In 1967, working drawings of two versions of the combat unit were developed. Manufactured and tested in h.p. 33491 prototypes of 50 pieces each version. Approved technical design for a combat unit equipped with electronic elements (Decision of the sub-section number 1 of section number 1 of the STS MOP ex. 18/693ss of 25.12.1967; conclusion of parts 64176-D, ex. a/1028779ss of 21.12.1967).

In 1968, it is necessary to carry out revision of the combat unit to eliminate the shortcomings noted in the conclusion in Part 64176-D on the technical project. To produce 500 projectiles for range tests and to issue recommendations on range tests.

In 1968, research will be carried out on the development of multilateral missile systems.

Development of the design and manufacturing technology of the Grad projectile warhead from a tubular billet (topic TT6-629-67)

In accordance with the approved methodical plan of work on this topic, drawings and technology for the shell body and cold-rolled pipes have been developed.

In accordance with the agreed specifications, the Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant supplied a pilot batch of cold-rolled pipes, from which prototype billets were manufactured.

A schedule was developed and approved by the Ministry and the GRAU to produce a batch of billets at Stamp and Sibselmash plants with completion of work in October 1968.

Introduction of the new technology of production of blanks of combat unit allows to keep the duration of the production cycle (by 20 operations), to increase the coefficient of metal usage from 0.6 to 0.84 and to reduce labour intensity of one piece more than 1 n/hour.

For successful performance of the topic it is necessary to accelerate the construction of walls at the institute "Geodesy" for firing tests.

Provision of technical assistance to Stamp, Sibtextilmash and Sibselmash plants in the manufacture of Grad projectiles.

Throughout the year, the Institute's specialists provided technical assistance in the mass production of projectiles at the plants "Stamp", "Sibtextilmash" and "Sibselmash".

The Institute together with TNITI and "Shtamp" plants developed a set of measures aimed at further reduction of labour intensity, prime cost and increase of technical level of "Grad" projectile production due to implementation of mechanization and automation of main and auxiliary works, reduction of metal consumption, improvement of labor organization.

During 1967 the following measures were implemented at "Stamp" plant with the participation of our specialists from this complex:

1. Unified technological process of manufacturing pipe blanks. The introduction of this process has reduced the number of changeovers and the range of stamping tools and reduced rejects in operations.
2. The process of manufacturing the tail, intermediate and lattice diaphragms using the smelted-model casting process. The economic effect was 5850 rubles. On the program.
3. The process of cutting 4-shaped grooves in the fairing on the die instead of milling with an annual economic effect of 6665 rubles.
4. Carbide tool on the last hoods in the production of pipes and combat units. In order to assist the Institute made for the plant "Stamp" 34 carbide matrixes.

Laboratory and flight tests of a pilot batch of "Grad" shells with thermal protection coat TP-15AS instead of the existing B-58 were conducted with positive results. Technical documentation was developed and issued for production of a pilot batch at the "Stamp" plant.

In order to eliminate the failure of thread on the lid-nozzle technology has been developed, as well as developed for the plant "Stamp" drawings of the improved design of the platform for the manufacture of plastic parts.

As a result of introduction of measures labor input of manufacture of a projectile "Grad" at factory "Stamp" it is lowered for 1967 from 64,3 n/hour. Up to 40 n/hour, the prime cost is 180 rubles.

At "Sibtextilmash" plant a team of specialists from the Institute and the plant organized serial production of stamped blanks of pipes and combat parts of the shell "Grad".

At the same time, a complex of organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing labor intensity with a reduction of losses from defects in the production of blanks was developed and implemented.

Implementation of works on the complex made it possible to ensure that in 1967 Sibtextilmash plant fulfilled its plan for the production of stamped billets, to reduce labor intensity from 16 n/hour to 10.2 n/hour and to reduce losses from defective products on the head pipe from 23.3% to 7.1%, on the tail pipe from 14.8% to 7.3% and on the body of the combat unit from 9.4% to 0.5%.

Specialists of the Institute and the plant have mastered serial production of the Grad projectile at the Sibselmash plant.

In order to reduce labor intensity and increase the technical level of production through the organization of flow lines in the mechanical and assembly areas, the improvement of technological processes has been developed and partially implemented a set of organizational and technical measures.

Introduction of measures allowed "Sibselmash" plant to decrease labour intensity of "Grad" projectile production in 1967 from 88 n/hour to 41 n/hour.

The Institute developed and issued to the plants the directive technological process of manufacturing "Grad" projectile with artillery labor intensity of 20.7 n/hour.

Specialists of the Institute together with the Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant have developed technological conditions, manufactured and supplied cold rolled pipes for fairing for implementation by "Stamp" and "Sibselmash" plants.

To prepare the production of shell 9M23 at the "Sibselmash" plant the Institute prepared and sent the technical documentation for mechanical and press processing, coating and carbon dioxide welding, as well as drawings of the welding station with the installation for automatic welding in the carbon dioxide environment.

In order to speed up the preparation of production, the plant "Sibselmash" received a complex unit for welding products 9M23.

On the subject of creation of automatic line for heat treatment of HFI (hardening and tempering of semi-finished products of projectile engine cases "Grad" (subject TM6-409-65) a sample line model Yat1 for the plant "Stamp" was made.

After debugging and testing the line will be supplied to the plant for implementation in production.

The line provides for hardening of parts and subsequent tempering operations.

The line is equipped with loading and unloading devices.

Application of the line allowed to reduce labor intensity of heat treatment of 1000 shell blanks from 181.6 to 50 people/hour or 3.6 times.

1968

Creation of a design of a combat unit with increased fragmentation effect for Grad rockets (topic HB6-170-68)

In 1968, on the basis of theoretical studies were developed working drawings, manufactured and tested combat units:

• with rational crushing into optimal splinters by using a predetermined crushing - 12 pcs;
• with ready ball-shaped splinters - 6 pcs;
• improved distribution of ball splinters in the flying sphere - 6 pcs;
• use of new BBs with improved characteristics - 5 pcs;
• with ready arrow-shaped splinters - 10 pcs.

The results of the tests show that the experimental combat units are 1.3-1.5 times larger in shrapnel effect than the M-21OF projectile combat units, and the combat units with arrow-shaped elements are 1.7 times larger.

The work was to be completed in the III quarter of 1969.

The combat unit, equipped with a firearm, to the rocket projectile "Grad" (article 9M22S, theme HB6-001-66).

According to a joint decision of the Ministry of Defense and B.H. 64176 of March 25, 1967 (out. № 6-1451 of 29/III-67) is carried out development of an incendiary combat unit equipped with electronic elements. Ignition fighting unit is designed to create mass foci of fire.

In 1968 the factory stage of testing in the amount of 200 shots with positive results and recommendations for range testing was completed. (ref. V.ch. 64176-D No. a/775727 of 29/UII-68, ref. TGNIITM No. 3430 of 30/IU-68).

A polygon batch of 500 pieces was produced and delivered. The polygon tests were completed with positive results and recommendation to the Soviet Army with the establishment of the shortcomings noted by the commission for polygon tests (out. E.H. 33491 No. 002814 of 31/X-68).

Elimination of drawbacks and verification of proposals of the commission on conducting polygon tests is carried out according to plans approved by the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering and Part 64176-C and should be completed in the II quarter of 1969 (out. TGNIITM № 7833 of II/XI-68 and № 81 of 8/I-69).

For preparation of serial production the necessary technical documentation was sent to the plants.

According to data from November 1997, India's ammunition industry included "nine factories of various profiles that almost fully meet the needs of the national armed forces: 125- and 105-mm tank shells, 130-, 106-, 105- and 75-mm artillery shells, 122-mm NUR for BM-21 type MLRSs, anti-aircraft shells, mines, aircraft bombs, small arms ammunition of all calibres, various types of powder and explosives, including solid propellant for rocket engines".

In 2004, a researcher of the Research Institute "Search" Andreev Valentin Vasilyevich was awarded the prize named after S.I. Mosin for his work on the topic: "Electronic programmable fuses and remote platoon equipment of the modernized RSZO" Grad ", Research Institute" Search ".

In 2012, the General Director of FCP "Alexinsky Chemical Combine" Alyokhin Evgeny V. Mosin was awarded the prize named after S.I. for his work on the topic: "Creation of a new press-fiber thermal protection material based on glass fibers to ensure increased resource and reliability of RSZO Grad, Smerch, etc.".

According to the data from 2018, at the production facilities of the Joint Stock Company "Machine-Building Plant "Stamp" named after B.L. Vannikov" (Tula) works on the head units to RSZO "Grad" are carried out.