Heavy fire extinguishing system TOS-1A

Heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A "Solntsepek" is designed to fire support infantry and tanks, defeat enemy manpower, open and closed firing positions in various types of offensive and defensive combat, as well as to disable light armored vehicles and vehicles. The greatest effect of uncontrollable rockets in thermobaric equipment is achieved in mountain conditions due to mutual overlapping of air shock waves and their repeated reflection from surrounding rocks, creation of soil and stone rubble. TOS-1A operates in combat orders of supported troops from open and closed positions.

High accuracy of salvo fire at the surface target is ensured by direct sighting of the launcher at the target and automated pointing at a range of up to 6000 m.

The system was developed by JSC "Transport Engineering Design Bureau" (Omsk).

The TOS-1A "Solntsek" heavy flamethrower system with extended range projectiles was adopted by the Russian Army on April 4, 2001. It is in service with the Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense Forces (RFBR). In March 2006, she took part in tactical anti-terrorist exercises with live firing at the Shilovsky range of the TOS-1A Siberian Military District. She was represented at the VIII International Exhibition of Military Equipment, Technologies and Armament of the Ground Forces "VTTV-Omsk-2009".

At present TOS-1A is offered for export, in 2008 the system's advertising passport was approved.

It is in service with the Russian Army, the armies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Iraq, Armenia and Algeria. In 2019, the system was delivered to Saudi Arabia.

It was used during combat operations in the Syrian Arab Republic.

Since 2017, the demand for shells for the Syrian Arab Republic has increased 9-fold.

Composition:

The TOS-1A system is a part of it:

BM-1 combat vehicle with a launcher on the tank chassis - 1 unit;
TZM-T transport and charging machine on the tank chassis - 2 units.
Unguided rockets (NURS) of 220 mm calibre (see diagram, photo1, photo2, photo3).

The BM-1 combat vehicle is a multiple launch rocket system on the tank chassis and has the following components:

the revised chassis of the T-72A tank;
swivel platform with oscillating part;
fire control system (CLCS), which includes:
- sighting device
- rangefinder;
- a specialized computing complex;
- electrohydraulic drives;
- firing equipment;
communication equipment;
day and night observation devices;
protection system against weapons of mass destruction;
firefighting equipment;
camouflage systems;
digging equipment;
armaments and ammunition;
auxiliary equipment;
hydraulic system of auxiliary equipment;
timekeeping equipment and PEP.

The Battle Vehicle (BM) is used to place the NURS and launch them on their designated targets. The BM is fitted with a rotating platform with a swinging part that includes a package of 24 tubular guides (see photo) for rockets, as well as power tracking drives and a fire control system mounted on the chassis of the T-72A main battle tank. The guide package is mounted in an armoured oscillating part, which provides protection of the warhead against a 7.62 mm B-32 armour-piercing bullet from a distance of at least 620 m. The oscillating part of the AB is directed at the target in the horizontal and vertical planes by power tracking drives using a laser rangefinder and ballistic calculator. Depending on the situation, targets may be fired by single and twin shots from two barrels. NURS launcher control is automatic, the rate of descent of NURS is 0.5s. The duration of the full salvo at paired starts - 6c, at single starts - 12c. Time of readiness to open fire at a visible target from the moment the combat vehicle stops - 90s. The crew of the vehicle consists of 3 persons: commander, gunner, driver mechanic.

Shots are fired by two types of 220 mm caliber unguided rockets. The projectiles are intended for delivery of a thermobaric mixture to the target, its actuation and creation of excessive pressure and a thermal field in the target area. NURS provides target engagement at ranges up to 6000 m. The MO.1.01.04 round has the length of 3300 mm and weight of 173 kg. The MO.1.01.04M is 3700mm long and weighs 217kg. The NURS consists of a thermobaric or ignition head part, a fuse and a solid fuel jet engine.

The fire control system includes an optical sight, laser periscopic rangefinder 1D14, roll-different sensor PB2.329.04 (electric, pendulum type) and a specialized electronic digital computing complex with sensor equipment MO.1.01.01.03M2. With the help of laser rangefinder the distances to the target are determined with the accuracy of 10m. These data are automatically entered into the ballistic calculator that calculates the required elevation angle of the launcher. The roll and differential angles of the guideway package are automatically recorded and taken into account by the calculator.

BM-1 auxiliary armament: RPKS-74 machine gun (ammunition stock: 1440 rounds), AKS-74 assault rifle (ammunition stock: 300 rounds), three RPG-26 anti-tank grenades and 10 F-1 hand grenades.

The power drive for guidance of the launcher in the horizontal plane is electromechanical, in the vertical plane - electro-hydraulic. To ensure accuracy, BM-1 is equipped with outriggers (see photo) and hydrofriction stops (HFS). Outriggers and HFS control - remote, electro-hydraulic.

TKN-ZA command device - combined (day and night), electron-optical, binocular, periscopic.

Monitoring devices: TNPO-160 - day, prismatic, heated, with built-in temperature regulator (1 pc.), TNPA-65 - day, prismatic, unheated (3 pcs.), TVNE-4B - night, periscopic, electron-optical, heated (1 pc.). ), TNPO-168V - day, single, heated, prismatic with temperature regulator (1 pcs.), TNP-165A - day, prismatic, unheated (1 pcs.), TNP-350B - day, prismatic, unheated (1 pcs.). Orienteering device - gyroscopic gyro pointer of gyrocompass GPK-59.

Power plant - V-84MS maximum power (n=2000 rpm) at work on diesel fuel 840 hp. Power transmission - mechanical. The main starter system is air, additional - electric. Power supply system - direct current, single-wire. Voltage of onboard network - 27 +1V, storage batteries - starter, lead-acid 6STEN-140M (4 pieces) Total capacity of batteries - 280Ah.

Starter-generator installation of a direct current SG-10-1C. Nominal capacity of a generator mode 10 kW, rated voltage - 26,5-28,5V. Rated capacity of the starter mode is 19 kW, rated voltage - 48V. Relay-regulator R-10TMU - contactless with weather-directed regulation.

The equipment for self digging - the built in bulldozer.

As a means of camouflage, the BM-1 is equipped with 4 launchers of the 902G smoke grenade launcher system with a firing range of up to 100m and thermal smoke equipment creating a 250-400m long smoke screen.

The system of protection against weapons of mass destruction is a collective system that ensures the protection of the crew against nuclear explosion hazards and toxic substances by sealing the inhabited compartment. System sensor - device of radiation and chemical reconnaissance of GO-27, for creation of overpressure and purification of air entering the inhabited compartment from dust, radioactive substances a filter-ventilation unit (FVU) is used. The method of control of the executive devices is automatic and semi-automatic.

Means of communication - receiving, ultra-shortwave, with 10 pre-prepared frequencies (ZHR) R-163-50U, Operating frequency range 30025 - 79975kHz. Radius of action with the same type of radio stations in the conditions of medium-switched terrain -20km. Equipment of internal communication and switching of R-174 for 4 subscribers for BM-1 and 3 for TZM.

Fire-prevention system - automatic, three-time action. Control equipment ZETs11-3 with automatic and puuautomatic control of executive devices.

The TZM-T transport and charging machine is designed for transportation of the NURS, charging and discharging of the starting unit (see photo). It is a set of loading and unloading devices, placed on a tracked base. TZM-T is a combat vehicle and includes the main components:

the revised chassis of the T-72A tank;
manipulator crane;
hydraulic drive of the crane-manipulator;
detachable armour protection of the ammunition set;
equipment for the charging mechanism;
special equipment for laying NURS;
communication equipment;
day and night observation devices;
protection system against weapons of mass destruction;
firefighting equipment;
armaments and ammunition;
timekeeping equipment and IPRs.

Crew - 3 people (commander, operator, mechanic-driver).

Armament: RPKS-74 machine gun (ammunition reserve - 1440 rounds), two AKS-74 submachine guns (ammunition reserve - 600 rounds), 5 RPG-26 anti-tank grenades, 10 F-1 hand grenades.

Observation devices: TNPO-160 day, prismatic, heated with built-in temperature regulator (4 pcs.), TVNE-4B night, periscopic, electron-optical, heated (1 pcs.). ), TNPO-168V day, single, heated, prismatic with temperature regulator (1 pcs.), TNPA-65 day, prismatic, unheated (2 pcs.) Orientation device - gyroscopic cursor pointer gyropole GPC-59.

Means of communication - receiving and transmitting, ultra-shortwave, with 10 pre-prepared frequencies (ZHR) R-163-50U, Working frequency range 30025 - 79975kHz. Radius of action with the same type of radio stations in the conditions of medium-switched terrain -20km. Equipment of internal communication and switching of R-174 for 4 subscribers for BM-1 and 3 for TZM.

The special equipment - hydraulic two-mode crane installation with carrying capacity 1000 kg. Crane control - remote, electrohydraulic. Charging time TZM - 24 min. Ammunition protection - armored, detachable.

Power plant, power supply systems, fire fighting and protection from weapons of mass destruction of the TZM-T transport and charging machine are similar to BM-1.

As a means of camouflage, the TZM-T is equipped with thermal smoke apparatus creating a 250-400m long smoke screen.

The equipment for self digging is a built-in bulldozer.

The complete set of delivery of system TOS-1A:

Fighting vehicle BM-1 (ed.634B) - 1 pc,
The set of ZIP single BM-1 (634B ZI-0)-1 pcs,
Set ZIP group BM-1 (634B ZI-1) - 1 pcs. for 5 units,
Transport Charger TZM-T (ed.563) - 2 pcs..,
Set of ZIP single TZM-T (563 ZI-0) - 1 pc.

Quantity of sets of unguided rockets (MO.101.04, MO.1.01.04M) - on request of the customer.

Characteristics:

Name of the export sample	MO.1.01.04 MO.01.04 Jet Missile ordnance	MO.1.01.04M Jet Projectile	MO.1.01.04 MO.04M.OP Jet Propellant
Cipher	"Pinocchio.	"Sunshine."	"Sunshine."
Index	МО.1.01.04	МО.1.01.04М	МО.1.01.04М.ОП
Caliber, mm	220	220	220
Weight, kg	173	217	204
Length, mm	3300	3723	3723
Range of fire, m:
maximum	2800	6000	6700
minimum	400-600		600
minimum floor space		1600	1600
minimum vertical		600
Temperature range of normal operation (in the absence of snow cover and water), °С	between -30 and +50	between -40 and +50	between -30 and +50

Unguided rocket projectile in thermobaric mixture for heavy flamethrower systems TOS-1, TOS-1A (index MO.1.01.04)

The MO.1.01.04 reactive projectile is designed to deliver the thermobaric mixture to the target, to activate it and create overpressure and thermal field on the target area.

The export sample of the MO.1.01.04 rocket projectile includes: the MRV-U1 fuse, the MO.1.01.04.01 head part and the MO.1.01.02.02 missile part (a typing error may occur and must be MO.1.01.04.02).

The export sample has no differences from the analogue created in the interests of the Russian customer.

Unmanned rocket projectile in thermobaric equipment for TOS-1A system (index MO.1.01.04M)

The MO.1.01.04M reactive projectile is designed to deliver a thermobaric mixture to the target, to activate it and create overpressure and thermal field on the target area.

The export sample of the MO.1.01.04M projectile includes: the MRV-U1 fuse, the MO.1.01.04M.01 head part and the MO.1.01.04M.02 missile part.

The export sample does not differ from its analogue created in the interests of the Russian customer.

The MO.1.01.04M.04M.OP rocket launcher is designed to deliver the metalized mixture to the target, to activate it, to create fire hotspots and to set dazzling aerosol curtains on the ground.

The export sample of the MO.1.01.04M.OP projectile includes: the MRV-U1 fuse, the MO.1.01.04M.OP.01 head unit and the MO.1.01.04M.02 missile unit.

The export sample does not differ from its analogue created in the interests of the Russian customer.

BM-1 combat vehicle
Number of guide pipes, pcs.	24
Length of guide tube, mm	3725
Defeat area open and located in open trenches of manpower when firing at maximum range, m²	up to 40000
Weight of BM-1 in combat gear, t.	44,3±1,5%
Average specific pressure on the ground, MPa (kgf/cm2)	0,09 (0,9)
Basic sizes, mm: - back outrigger length - panel width - welded height on the roof of the oscillating part - Main Bottom Clearance	7240 3580 3073 470
Traffic speed (maximum on the highway), km/h.	60
Fuel reserve, km	550
Overcoming obstacles: - Maximum lifting angle, deg - maximum roll angle, deg - ditch width, m - wall height, m - ford depth, m	30 25 2,6-2,8 0,85 1,2
Transport-charging machine TZM-T
Weight TZM-T with NURS kit, t	39
Average specific pressure on the ground, MPa (kgf/cm2)	0,079 (0,79)
Basic sizes, mm: - length - panel width - altitude - Main Bottom Clearance	7000 3580 3050 477
Traffic speed (maximum on the highway), km/h.	60
Fuel reserve, km	550
Number of ammunition for BM-1, pcs.	24
Fuel reserve for BM-1, l	400
Overcoming obstacles: - Maximum lifting angle, deg - maximum roll angle, deg - ditch width, m - wall height, m - ford depth, m	30 25 2,6-2,8 0,85 1,2

Testing:

Tests of the SAM system "Tor" was held from December 1983 to December 1984 at the Emba test site under the leadership of a commission headed by R.S. Asadulin. By a decree of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR CM of March 19, 1986 SAM system was adopted.

Series production of the 9A330 combat vehicle was organized at the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant MRP, ZUR 9M330 - at the Kirov Machine-Building Plant named after XX MAP, tracked chassis - at the Minsk Tractor Plant IUFM.

The complex provided defeat of the target flying at a speed of 300 m/s at altitudes from 0.01 to 6 km in the range of 1.5 to 12 km with the parameter up to 6 km. At a target speed of 700 m/s, the maximum range was reduced to 5 km, the range of engagement height was narrowed to 0.05 to 4 km and the parameter did not exceed 4 km.

The effectiveness of a single SAM was 0.30-0.77, 0.50-0.88 for helicopters and 0.85-0.955 for UAVs.

The reaction time of the complex was 8 ... 12 seconds, the transfer to combat and marching positions - 3 minutes, the charging of the combat vehicle with TZM - no more than 18 minutes.

Organizationally, "Tor" SAMs were reduced to anti-aircraft missile regiments of divisions. The regiments consisted of the regiment command post, four anti-aircraft missile batteries (4 combat vehicles 9A330 and a battery command post in each), support and service units.

As a battery command post, the PU-12M control points were temporarily used, and as a regiment control point, the PU-12M or the MP25 data acquisition and processing machine and the MP22 combat control machine, developed as part of the Automated Troops Control System (ATCS) of the front and also included in the division's Air Defense Chief's automated control point. The P-19 or 9C18 ("Dome") detection radars of the regiment's radar company were paired with the regiment's control gear.

The main type of combat work of the SAM system "Tor" was the autonomous operation of batteries, but not ruled out the centralized and mixed management of these batteries division air defense chief and commander of the anti-aircraft missile regiment.