Complex A-22 "Fire" is designed for armament of river and landing ships, including hovercrafts, and provides: the defeat of coastal targets, equipment and manpower in the coastal zone, surface targets (boats, watercraft), creating hotbeds of fire.
The main developer of the complex is Tula State Research Institute of Precision Machine Building (since 1977 NPO Splav, now JSC NPO SPLAV (Tula). The R-6833 enterprise together with NITI and Research Institute "Search" were co-executers on the topics "Fire" and "Udav-1" in the development of detonating devices. The works were carried out on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No.763-234 dated 15.11.71 and Order of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs No.430 dated 17 November 1971. The customer was the customer in the hours 42888. On the basis of the above mentioned Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers in part 31303 was issued a draft of tactical and technical specifications for the development of "Fire" complex. The tests were carried out from September 10 to September 25, 1982 from the board of the landing boat on a hovercraft "AK-16" (factory number 201) pr.1238 in Feodosiya Bay. The A-22 complex was adopted for service by the USSR Navy in 1988. (Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers dated 16.02.1988 N 232-61).
The 140 mm calibre is adopted to provide for firing of "Fire" complex shells from M-14OF launchers placed on operating ships and vice versa. To increase the power of hovercrafts, the SNPP "Splav" now offers a new long-range projectile OFD-45 to the "Fire" complex with a firing range up to 9.5 km.
The "Fire" complex is part of the armament of the air-cushion landing ships of the 12322 "Zubr" project (see photo). The 12322 project ships are in service with the Russian, Ukrainian and Greek Navy.
Composition:
The complex consists of:
- 140 mm unguided rockets OF-45, ZZh-45 and OFD-45 (turbojet NURS M-14OF can be used)
- launcher MC-227 (see photo 1, photo 2, photo 3);
- TLD-3-BS rangefinder (see photo) .
The NURS OF-45 (see diagram) is equipped with a shrapnel fighting unit and provides for the destruction of manpower and light armoured vehicles. The NURS ZZh-45 (see the schematic) is equipped with an incendiary combat unit and is intended to create fire sources.
The new tasks to expand the area of application of the complex required an increase in firing range by 1.5-2 times. For this purpose, the SNPP "Splav" has developed a new 140 mm OVD-45 rocket projectile with a 2.1 times longer range as compared to the OVD-45 and increased power of the combat unit (see photo). The OFD-45 projectiles are fired from the MS-227 standard launchers.
The launcher is intended for multiple and single fire, as well as for storing the shells in the barrels. Depending on the requirements of placement of the complex on the ship can be used hiding under the deck in the camping position (see photo) launcher MS-227 or stationary MS-227P. MS-227 launchers have small weight and dimensions as they are designed for fast landing ships of small displacement. One launcher carries a package with 22 rockets, and additional ammunition is placed under deck if necessary. This design allows the tubes of the package to be loaded in the sub-deck position (see photo). In combat, the launcher rises above the deck and fires single or multiple rounds at 0.2-second intervals. Maximum carrier speed when firing is up to 30 knots, sea disturbance is up to 3 points.
TLD-3-BS Range and Visire device is designed for remote control of the complex firing at coastal and surface targets, as well as for search and detection of targets in light and dark time of day, provided their meteorological visibility. TLDU-3-BS provides development of full angles of horizontal and vertical guidance and their automatic transfer to the launcher.
Characteristics:
| Combat readiness of the complex from the moment the target is detected, s | not more than 8 |
| Weight of the complex, kg | 2600 |
| Weight of the complex without ammunition, kg | 2000 |
| Weight of rangefinder, kg | 300 |
| 140mm OF-45 fragmentation projectile | |
| Range of fire, m: - maximum - minimum |
4500 800 |
| Caliber, mm | 140 |
| Length, mm | 1125 |
| Weight, kg | 27.5 |
| Weight of the explosive, kg | 5.65 |
| Temperature range of combat application, ° C | -40..+50 |
| 140mm ZZh-45 incendiary jet projectile. | |
| Range of fire, m: - maximum - minimum |
4500 800 |
| Caliber, mm | 140 |
| Length, mm | 1350 |
| Weight, kg | 26.8 |
| Mass of fire mass, kg | 4.8 |
| Temperature range of combat application, ° C | -40..+50 |
| 140 mm ODP-45 fragmentation projectile. | |
| Maximum range of fire, m. | 9500 |
| Caliber, mm | 140 |
| Weight, kg | 42.5 |
| Weight of the explosive, kg | 6.0 |
| Number of ready-made fragments, pcs. | 2900 |
| Launching unit MS-227 | |
| Caliber, mm | 140.3 |
| Number of guides, pcs. | 22 |
| Weight, kg | 1700 (1430) |
| Pointing angles, hail: - vertically - across |
between -10 and +65 between -160 and +160 |
| Dimensions, mm: - length - width - altitude |
2125 1735 2200 |
Testing:
On 28 June 2000 (or 2008, which is more likely), 25 Grad-M multiple launch rocket systems were delivered to Georgia via the delivery channel from the settlement of Oktyabrsky to the settlement of Batumi by the ship "Evgenia N". The firm-supplier is SC "Ukrspetseksport".
Sources:
- БАЛТИЙСК-2001 Фоторепортаж Виталия Моисеева /www.atrinaflot.narod.ru/
- Люди, годы, залпы. 60 лет ФГУП “ГНПП “Сплав”/ ФГУП “ГНПП “Сплав”: составитель Е.М. Мартынов, под редакцией Н.А. Макаровца; ред коллегия: Г.А. Денежкин, Р.А. Кобылин, Г.И. Блинов. – Тула: ОАО “Тульская типография”, 2009.
- ГАУ ТО "ГА". Ф.Р-3428. Оп.1. Д.1160. ЛЛ.80,126.
- ГАУ ТО "ГА". Ф.Р-3428. Оп.1. Д.1191. Л.11.
- ГАУ ТО "ГА". Ф.Р-3428. Оп.1. Д.1194. Л.6.
- ФГУП "Государственное научно-производственнон предприятие "СПЛАВ"
